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In the 19th century, Italy's quest for unification, known as the Risorgimento, led to the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy in 1861. Key figures like Giuseppe Mazzini and Giuseppe Garibaldi played pivotal roles, with the Austro-Sardinian War and the capture of Rome in 1870 completing the unification. This historic process transformed Italy into a unified nation, fostering a lasting sense of pride and independence.